Bioelectromagnetic Medicine: Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Anxiety,
Depression, Insomnia, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Pain: A Review and Meta-Analyses

by Paul J. Rosch, M.D. and Marko S. Markov, Ph.D., Editors
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
2004

(Chapter 44) Unabridged Version
By Daniel L. Kirsch, PhD, DAAPM, FAIS
Diplomate, American Academy of Pain Management
Fellow of The American Institute of Stress
Chairman, Electromedical Products International, Inc.

and

Ray B. Smith, Ph.D.
Former Vice President of Science
Electromedical Products International, Inc.

Chapter © Copyright 2002-2004 by Dr. Daniel L. Kirsch, Mineral Wells, Texas
All Rights Reserved. Do not reproduce without written permission from the copyright holder.

Bioelectromagnetic Medicine

Edited by: Paul J. Rosch, M.D. The American Institute of Stress, Yonkers, New York, U.S.A., and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, U.S.A. and Marko S. Markov, Ph.D. Research International, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A.

Published: April, 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
ISBN: 0-8247-4700-3; 850 pages; $195.00

Over the last two decades, progress in MRI, PET, SQUID, and other sophisticated imaging techniques have revolutionized medical diagnosis. Similar advances in bioelectromagnetic therapy now promise to replace drugs and surgery for many disorders. The sudden surge of interest in this rapidly emerging modality has produced a plethora of spurious products making worthless claims that make it difficult to distinguish between true and false claims of efficacy. Bioelectromagnetic Medicine provides the tools and skills to make such evaluations and distinctions by:

• Thoroughly explaining the biologic effects of magnetic and electromagnetic fields and the importance of dosimetry in determining clinical efficacy and safety.

• Presenting examples of cutting edge breakthroughs supported not only by rigid clinical trials but also by solid basic science research.

• Tracing the origin and evolution of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), vagal nerve stimulation, (VNS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and other proven therapies by pioneers and authorities responsible for their discovery and development.

• Identifying promising new approaches based on research advances in the U.S., Europe, Eastern Europe, Russia, and Pacific Rim countries

The 86 internationally recognized contributors to Bioelectromagnetic Medicine have strived to insure that it will remain the gold standard in the field for many years. Its 50 chapters and thousands of references dealing with every aspect of this topic make it an essential guide for physicians and all health care professionals, biophysicists, physiologists, biochemists and other basic scientists, as well as students and anyone interested in non-invasive and authoritative alternative medicine approaches.

The cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) chapter (Section VI, Chapter 44) was written by Dr. Daniel L. Kirsch and Dr. Ray B. Smith (during the term of his employment at Electromedical Products International, Inc.). Due to space limitations, the published book edited the tables and other data from the chapter. The original, unabridged version of the chapter is available below.

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